1.Co-Occurrence and Levels of Mycotoxins in Fish Feeds in Kenya
Authors :Evalyn Wanjiru Mwihia, Jan Ludvig Lyche, Paul Gichohi Mbuthia, Lada Ivanova, Silvio Uhlig, James K Gathumbi, Joyce G Maina, Eric Emali Eshitera, Gunnar Sundstøl Eriksen
Publication date:2020/10
Journal:Toxins
Volume:12
Issue:10
Pages:627
Publisher:Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Description
This study determined the presence, levels and co-occurrence of mycotoxins in fish feeds in Kenya. Seventy-eight fish feeds and ingredients were sampled from fish farms and fish feed manufacturing plants and analysed for 40 mycotoxins using high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Twenty-nine (73%) mycotoxins were identified with 76 (97%) samples testing positive for mycotoxins presence. Mycotoxins with the highest prevalences were enniatin B (91%), deoxynivalenol (76%) and fumonisin B1 (54%) while those with the highest maximum levels were sterigmatocystin (< 30.5–3517.1 µg/kg); moniliformin (< 218.9–2583.4 µg/kg) and ergotamine (< 29.3–1895.6 µg/kg). Mycotoxin co-occurrence was observed in 68 (87%) samples. Correlations were observed between the fumonisins; enniatins B and zearalenone and its metabolites. Fish dietary exposure estimates ranged between< 0.16 and 43.38 µg/kg body weight per day. This study shows evidence of mycotoxin presence and co-occurrence in fish feeds and feed ingredients in Kenya. Fish exposure to these levels of mycotoxins over a long period of time may lead to adverse health effects due to their possible additive, synergistic or antagonist toxic effects. Measures to reduce fish feed mycotoxin contamination should be taken to avoid mycotoxicosis in fish and subsequently in humans and animals through residues. View Full-Text
Total citations
2021
Scholar articles
Co-Occurrence and Levels of Mycotoxins in Fish Feeds in Kenya
EW Mwihia, JL Lyche, PG Mbuthia, L Ivanova, S Uhlig… - Toxins, 2020
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2.Mining Impacts on Society: A Case Study of Taita Taveta County, Kenya:
Authors:Irene Wakio Mwakesi, Raphael Githaiga Wahome, Daniel Weru Ichang’i
Publication date:2020/11/5
Journal:Journal of Environmental Protection
Volume:11
Issue:11
Pages:986-997:Publisher Scientific Research Publishing
Description
Taita-Taveta County is rich with a wide variety of minerals in the world. Gemstones like Ruby, Tsavorite, Ruby and green garnets have caused many people to migrate to the area. These people came from within the county and from other parts of the country, greatly impacting the lifestyle of the local community. There was a need to understand how mining impacts on society and cultural values of a community. This study was carried out in 9 villages which included; Eastleigh A and B, Central, Ndigai, Mungololini, Mukengereni B and C, Mkuki and Kambanga. Respondents from 173 households from the villages were interviewed and discussions from 8 key informants who included: a Manager of Classic Mines, an official of Chawia Mining Community Based Organization (CBO), an individual manual artisanal miner, a retired senior Warden of Kenya Wild Life Service (KWS), Kenya Forest Service Manager (KFS), a gemologist from the Taita Taveta County government, Chief of Mwatate location and the County Director of National Environment Management Authority (NEMA). On a scale of 1 - 4 (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Agree and 4 = Strongly agree), the respondents agreed that there was a loss of their ancestral land, conflicts, dilution of Taita culture through mixed intermarriages, increased prostitution, alcoholism and high school dropouts. The study recommends review of the legal and policy framework governing mining in community areas and subsequent vigorous enforcement to maintain the good order of the public and to sustain meaningful traditions and culture to ensure conflict resolution and mining site ownership.
Scholar articles
Mining Impacts on Society: A Case Study of Taita Taveta County, Kenya
IW Mwakesi, RG Wahome, DW Ichang'i - Journal of Environmental Protection, 2020
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Authors
Edith Wairimu, John Mburu, Charles K Gachuiri, Asaah Ndambi
Publication date: 2021/6
Journal :Tropical Animal Health and Production
Volume :53
Issue:2
Pages:1-12
Publisher :Springer Netherlands
Description:
To enhance milk quantity and quality which have continued to decrease in Kenya, various stakeholders have intervened through promotion of technical dairy innovations at the farm level including improved cow feeding, health management, promotion of exotic breeds, and milking hygiene. At the milkshed level, stakeholders’ focus has been on organizational innovations, specifically milk sale by farmers through groups. This study sought to characterize dairy innovations that have been adopted by farmers in the milkshed of three milk processors including New Kenya Co-operative Creameries Sotik (NKCC Sotik), Happy Cow Limited (HCL), and Mukurweini Wakulima Dairy Limited (MWDL), representing one state, private, and farmer-owned processor, respectively. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from a sample of 1146 farmers (410, 382, and 354 in MWDL, HCL, and NKCC Sotik, respectively). A …
Scholar articles
E Wairimu, J Mburu, CK Gachuiri, A Ndambi - Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2021